The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a concept and useable framework for creating space for Indigenous voices within the Canadian natural resource extraction sector. To better understand extraction sector companies’ approach to CSR when engaging Indigenous communities, a total of 18 interviews were conducted with various leading stakeholders within the resources extraction industry across Western Canada. Findings revealed that greater emphasis is being placed on utilising Indigenous relationships to fulfil the requirement of doing business in Canada, rather
than an opportunity to genuinely collaborate with communities in a commitment to reconciliation. In an industry that operates around profit-centric performance based on the commodification of land, a basis has been set for relationship building that is predominantly transactional. The transactional approach to social engagement perpetuates a neocolonial power differential between the extraction industry and First Nations, which exposes industry monopolizing power through a patrimonial role as expert. Consequently, Indigenous inclusion takes the form of espoused industry practices rather than recognizing the unique insight of each Nation and their relationship with the land. This study, therefore, considers how CSR strategy can alternatively protect, respect, and empower Indigenous rights in tandem with long-term economic security. Additionally, it will provide recommendations on how, through collaboration with Indigenous communities, companies can move beyond transactional consultation to transformational.
