JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ -1- JAPANESE STUDIES ASSOCIATION OF CANADA Presentation notes I AM PLEASED TO HAVE BEEN INVITED . TONIGHT IS THE FINAL EVENT OF THE JACS, IT’S LATE SATURDAY EVENING, THE COCKTAILS AND WINE HAVE DONE THEIR WORK. YOU PROBAB LY WANT ME TO M AKE THIS AS LEAST DEM ANDING AS POSSIB LE, AND I AM GENERALLY HAPPY TO OB LIGE. YOU EXPECT ME TO TALK ABOUT WHAT IS HAPPENING IN JAPAN, POLITIC ALLY, DIPLOMATICALLY, ECONOM IC ALLY, AND OF COURSE I WILL. BUT I DON’T WANT TO M AKE IT TOO EASY. I AM HERE THANKS TO CANADIAN TAX PAYERS COVER ING MY COSTS AND M ANY OF YOU ARE HERE BECAUSE OF GR ANTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ -2- FROM YOUR UNIVERSITIES AND THE JAPAN FOUNDATION. SO WE ALL HAVE TO WORK AT LEAST A B IT TONIGHT. IN THAT SPIRIT, I WANT FIRST TO POSE A CHALLENGE TO YOU, AS SCHOLARS AND ACADEMIC S. I WANT YOU TO THINK ABOUT AN ISSUE THAT PREOCCUPIES ME, B UT ONE WHIC H, AS AC ADEM ICS, YOU HAVE MORE SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE AND – I LIKE TO ASSUME, TIME – TO PONDER. AFTER I’VE DONE THAT, YOU CAN SIT BACK AND WE C AN CHAT ABOUT TODAY ’S JAPAN, AND CANADA ’S CURRENT RELATIONS WITH THAT GREAT COUNTRY. MOST JSAC MEMBERS ARE AC ADEM ICS, FAMILIAR WITH THEORIES, BE THEY LITERARY, HISTORIOGRAPHIC, POLITIC AL OR ECONOMIC. SOM E OF YOU HAVE WOR KED IN GOVERNMENT OR BUSINESS, AND HAVE BROUGHT BOTH EXPER IENCE AND SCHOLARLY KNOWLEDGE TO BEAR ON YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF REAL WOR LD AS WELL AS THEORETIC AL ISSUES. JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ -3- I AM NOT A SC HOLAR, AND IF TR UTH BE TOLD, MY FORMAL STUDIES WERE JUST ENOUGH TO GET ME INTO THE FOREIGN SERVICE. WHILE I HAVE SPENT VIRTUALLY ALL OF MY PROFESSIONAL LIFE AS A M EMBER OF THE DEPARTMENTS RESPONSIB LE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE, I ALSO WORKED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR FOR A FEW YEARS IN THE 1980s. AS A WORKING DIPLOMAT AND AMBASSADOR, I AM FREQUENTLY ASKED TO DR AW FROM MY EXPER IENCES ON THE GROUND IN PLACES LIKE INDOCHINA AND CHINA AND JAPAN, AND SPEAK MOR E GENERALLY ABOUT CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY, OR GLOBAL POLITICAL OR SECURITY OR ECONOMIC ISSUES. GIVEN THAT I HAVE SPENT 23 OF 35 YEARS AS A DIPLOMAT IN THE FIELD RATHER THAN AT HEADQUARTERS, WHER E FOR EIGN POLICIES ARE DEVELOPED AND DEC IDED, THIS IS A B IT LIKE ASKING AN AUTO M ECHANIC TO TALK ABOUT THE GLOBAL AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY. JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ -4- OF COURSE, AS A SENIOR DIPLOMAT WITH MORE THAN A FEW GREY HAIRS , OVER THE YEARS, I HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN EVERYTHING FROM PLANNING VISITS OF PRIM E MINISTERS AND BUSINESS PEOPLE, TO MANAGING CANADA’S PAR TICIPATION IN G-8 AND APEC SUMMITS , TO DRAFTING STR ATEGIES THAT SEEK TO OBTAIN FOR CANADA B ENEFITS FROM RELATIONS WITH COUNTR IES AS DIVERSE AS CHINA AND SOUTH AFR IC A, AND THEN TO IMPLEM ENTING THESE STR ATEGIES. ONE THING THAT I HAVE ONLY R ARELY BEEN ASKED TO DO HOWEVER IS R EFLECT UPON, OR PLAN CANADA’S OVERALL DIPLOMATIC STR ATEGY, IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOB AL OR EVEN REGIONAL POWER BALANC ES . MOR E USUALLY, MY COLLEAGUES AND I ARE TASKED TO DEVELOP TAC TICS TO AC HIEVE VERY SPECIFIC NATIONAL GOALS , DEFINED BY OUR PRIME M INISTER AND MEMBERS OF THE CABINET, ESPEC IALLY THE FOR EIGN AND TR ADE MINISTERS, AGAINST A B ACKDROP OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS PASSED BY PARLIAMENT. GRAND STR ATEGIES - FOREIGN POLICY FOR CANADIANS, THE JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ -5- INTERNATIONAL POLICY STATEMENT – APPEAR BUT RAR ELY, EVERY DEC ADE OR SO, AND ARE USUALLY DRAFTED AND APPROVED BY A VERY LIMITED NUMB ER OF POLICY PLANNERS, DEPUTY MINISTERS AND MEMBERS OF THE CABINET. INDEED, THE GOVERNMENT OF MISTER HARPER HAS SO FAR REJECTED GR AND STR ATEGIES, REMOVING THE 2004 INTERNATIONAL POLICY STATEMENT FROM GOVERNMENT WEB SITES, IN FAVOR OF SPEECHES DRAFTED IN THE PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE AND IN FOREIGN AFFAIRS, AND ADDRESSING VERY SPEC IFIC POLICY ISSUES. EVEN LESS HAVE I BEEN ASKED TO SITUATE CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICIES IN A THEORETIC AL FR AMEWORK, TO ENSURE THAT THESE POLIC IES ARE CONSISTENT WITH, SAY, LIB ERAL OR REALIST ANALYSIS, OR WOR LD SYSTEM THEORIES. IN FACT, I DON’T KNOW OF ANYONE WHO HAS EVER BEEN TASKED WITH THIS. WHILE WE IN FOREIGN AFFAIRS REGULARLY SEEK THE VIEWS OF ACADEMIA ON STRATEGIES AND TAC TICS FOR DEALING WITH B ILATER AL OR JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ -6- MULTILATERAL ISSUES, WE NEVER, IN MY EXPER IENC E, SEEK YOUR VIEWS ON HOW TO HARMONIZE THEORY AND PRACTICE. AS A MATTER OF FACT, MANY OF MY COLLEAGUES AND I DO SEEK TO UNDERSTAND THE WOR LD IN WHICH WE WORK, USING THE TOOLS OF THEORY. INDEED, QUITE A NUMBER OF DIPLOMATS COM E TO THE TRADE HAVING STUDIED, FORMALLY, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY, DIPLOMATIC HISTORY, AREA STUDIES, C ANADIAN HISTORY, AND CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL R ELATIONS. SOME POLITICAL SCIENCE GRADUATES HAVE DELVED INTO MACHIAVELLI, SUNZI, OR CONTEMPORARY ANALYSTS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SUCH AS R AYMOND ARON OR KENNETH WALTZ OR ROBERT KOEHANE AND HENRY KISSINGER, AND OTHERS WHO HAVE SOMETHING TO SAY ABOUT DOMESTIC POLITIC S AS WELL AS INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY. AND A FEW OF OUR COLLEAGUES REGULARLY PUBLISH BOOKS AND PAPERS IN THEIR OWN RIGHT, ON FOREIGN POLICY ISSUES. DAVID MALONE CERTAINLY COMES TO MIND IN THIS CONTEXT. MOST JACS PRESENTATION 141006 -7- ______________________________________ OF US READ FOREIGN AFFAIRS JOURNALS, BUT THESE DON’T USUALLY DELVE IN THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO IR. I AM NOT A SC HOLAR, SO MY VIEWS ON THESE THINGS ARE CASUAL IN THE EXTREME, BUT FROM WHERE I SIT, THERE ARE REGRETTABLE DISCONNEC TS BETWEEN THE PRACTIC E OF CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY AND THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWOR KS THAT ARE TAUGHT IN UNIVERSITIES AND GR ADUATE SC HOOLS, OR THAT ARE AVAILAB LE FOR REFER ENCE AND USAGE. MUCH OF THE IR THEORY THAT ON E READS IS INFORMED BY BROAD WESTERN HISTORIC AL EXPERIENCE. FIRSTLY, TO GROSSLY OVER-SIM PLIFY, THE HISTORY OF MODERN DIPLOMACY AND ATTENDANT THEORY TENDS TO BE CO-TERMINUS WITH EUROPEAN HISTORY FROM THE 16 TH CENTURY ONWARD, WITH ATTENTION PRIM ARILY FOCUSED ON CREATING, MAINTAINING OR CHALLENGING THE CONTINENTAL B ALANCE OF POWER. THIS WAS A GAME FOR JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ -8- KINGDOMS AND PR INCIPALITIES LARGE AND SMALL FOR A VERY LONG TIME. THAT WOR LD WAS BROUGHT TO AN END BY THE EXPERIENCE OF THE TWO WORLD WARS AND THE EMER GENCE IN MIDTWENTIETH CENTURY OF AN EXISTENTIAL CONFLICT BETWEEN DEMOCRACY AND COMM UNISM, OR NATO AND THE WARSAW PAC T, OR IF YOU WANT TO REDUCE IT TO ITS ESSENTIALS, THE USA AND THE USSR . MUCH OF THE THEORY THAT WAS DEVELOPED IN THE LAST CENTURY ADDRESSED PRIMARILY THE CONFLIC T BETWEEN LARGE POWERS, AND THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THOSE POWERS AND LESS POWERFUL REGIONS AND INDIVIDUAL COUNTR IES. FROM WHAT I SEE, NOT M UCH ATTENTION HAS BEEN GIVEN TO RECONC ILING THE GRAND THEORETICAL CONSTRUC TS OF LIBERALISM, REALISM, GAME THEORY, EXPEC TED UTILITY THEORY OR WHAT NOT, WITH THE REALITY FACED BY LESS MILITARILY SIGNIFICANT COUNTRIES SUC H AS CANADA, AS WE WORK TO ASSERT A POSITIVE AND JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ -9- INFLUENTIAL ROLE IN THE WORLD, AND ADVANCE OUR INTER ESTS. HANS MORGENTHAU WROTE, DISMISSIVELY, THAT COUNTR IES WHICH ARE NOT INVOLVED IN POWER POLITIC S COULD NOT ASPIR E TO BE THE SUBJECT OF INTERNATIONAL POLITIC S. UNLESS STATES SIGNIFIC ANTLY INFLUENCE THE BIG LEAGUES, THEY CANNOT REALLY B E THE SUBJECT OF IR THEORY. BY THAT DEFINITION, VERY FEW COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD WOULD MERIT THE ATTENTION OF SC HOLARS AND THEORISTS OF IR. THIS SITUATION M AY REDUCE THE WOR K LOAD OF AC ADEM IA, BUT IT DOESN’T HELP GOVERNMENTS THAT AR E DEFINED AS LESS THAN RELEVANT TO M ANAGE THEIR FOREIGN POLICIES. FOR THE FACT OF COURSE IS THAT ALL STATES ARE ACTORS ON THE WORLD STAGE, EVEN IF THEIR GLOBAL INFLUENCE IS MINUSCULE. THE REPUB LIC OF SAN MAR INO HAS ITS EMBASSY JUST BEHIND OURS IN TOKYO, AND THE VATIC AN HAS JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 10 - DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH 178 COUNTR IES. THEY DON’T INFLUENCE THE COURSE OF WOR LD EVENTS VERY MUCH, BUT THEY DO HAVE TO DEAL WITH THE REALITIES BEYOND THEIR BORDERS. THE FAC T OF THE M ATTER IS THAT WHETHER STATES AR E POWERFUL OR NOT, THEY ALL HAVE FOREIGN POLICIES AND THEY HAVE FOREIGN RELATIONS. THERE ARE MANY DEFINITIONS OF THE MEANING OF “FOREIGN POLICY” AND I AM NEITHER CAPAB LE NOR INCLINED TO DEVELOP A NEW ONE. NEVERTHELESS, FROM WHERE I SIT, THE PRINC IPLES OF FOREIGN POLICY HAVE TO START WITH THE NOTION THAT A COUNTRY’ S FOREIGN POLICY IS, FIRST AND FOREMOST, A STATEMENT OF NATIONAL OBJECTIVES THAT ARE TO BE PURSUED BEYOND STATE BORDERS. FOREIGN POLICY SHOULD FIRST SET PR IORITIES AMONG OBJEC TIVES OF DOMESTIC OR IGIN, AND DEFINE THE MEANS AND THE RESOURCES TO BE MADE AVAILAB LE IN ORDER TO OB TAIN JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 11 - BENEFITS THAT CANNOT OTHERWISE BE OPTIMIZED EXCLUSIVELY AT HOME. CANADA ’S FOREIGN POLICY, CER TAINLY OVER THE LAST 40 YEARS, HAS EMBRACED THE UNSURPRISING OBJEC TIVES OF ENSURING OUR NATIONAL SECURITY AND SEC URING OUR PROSPER ITY, AS WELL AS A VIGOROUS PROMOTION OF CERTAIN HUM AN VALUES WHICH WE BELIEVE TO B E UNIVERSAL. MR. HARPER ’S REFERENCE TO “OUR PRAGMATIC INTER ESTS AND NOBLE ASPIR ATIONS ” IN HIS UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY SPEEC H LATE LAST MONTH C APTURES THE ESSENCE OF THESE OBJEC TIVES. WE, IN THE FIELD, TAKE THESE BROAD OBJEC TIVES AS OUR MARCHING ORDERS, AND THEN MAKE THEM PAR TICULAR TO THE B ILATERAL OR MULTILATER AL VENUES IN WHICH WE WORK. THIS IS WHERE POLICY AND PRAC TICE COME TOGETHER. SO, FOR THOSE OF US WHO LOOK AT THESE THINGS, WE HAVE A THREE-LEVEL ARCHITEC TURE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 12 - THEORY, LAR GELY BASED ON BIG POWER POLITICS, FOREIGN POLICY BASED ON LONG TERM CANADIAN INTER ESTS AND THE M ANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN RELATIONS, WHICH IS THE STUFF OF DIPLOMACY. MY CHALLENGE TO CANADIAN ACADEM IA IS FOR YOU TO PROVIDE TO OUR POLITICAL LEADERS AND TO WE PRACTITIONERS AN ANALYTICAL STR UC TURE THAT COMBINES THESE THR EE LEVELS: AN IR THEORY THAT REFLEC TS THE REALITIES FACED BY CANADA IN TODAY ’S GLOB ALIZED WORLD; CANADIAN NATIONAL FOREIGN POLICY AS AR TIC ULATED OVER THE YEARS BY A SUCCESSION OF GOVERNMENTS; AND THE DAY-TO -DAY MANAGEMENT OF CANADA ’S FOREIGN RELATIONS. PER HAPS THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUCH A CONSISTENT, SELFCONTAINED AND COMPREHENSIVE STRUCTURE IS TOO AMBITIOUS A GOAL. IT IS PROBABLY MORE FEASIBLE – NOT TO SAY PRACTICAL - TO COMB INE IR THEORY, FOREIGN POLICY AND FOREIGN RELATIONS WHEN LOOKING AT A MORE JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 13 - DISCRETE SET OF ISSUES, SUCH AS ARMS CONTROL, OR BILATER AL RELATIONS, SUCH AS CANADA’S INTENSE TIES WITH THE UNITED STATES, OR THE EVOLUTION OF ITS FUTURE LINKAGES WITH EAST ASIA. I’LL ADM IT THAT THE PURPOSE OF POSING SUCH A CHALLENGE IS DRIVEN BY PRAC TICAL RATHER THAN THEORETICAL CONCERNS. OUR MASTERS IN FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND INTERNATIONAL TR ADE CANADA IN OTTAWA AND WE IN EMBASSIES AROUND THE WORLD M UST FACE, ON AN ONGOING BASIS, THE REAL WOR LD C HALLENGES OF UNDERSTANDING THE GEOPOLITIC AL ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH WE WORK, OF IMPLEMENTING THE GENER AL POLICY DIRECTIVES FROM THE PRIME M INISTER ON DOWN ON THE DIRECTIONS OF CANADA’S INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, OF TR ANSLATING THESE POLIC IES INTO STRATEGIES AND TACTICS IN THE FIELD AND THEN IMPLEMENTING A DIPLOMACY THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT WORKING ENVIRONMENTS AS DIFFERENT AS JORDAN AND JAPAN. JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 14 - WE ALSO HAVE TO REAC T, ON A REGULAR BASIS, WITH UNPLEASANT SURPRISES AND CRISES – BOTH MAN-MADE AND NATURAL. SO THAT IN THINKING STRATEGICALLY, WE OFTEN HAVE TO ANTICIPATE WORST CASE SCENARIOS, REVIEW OPTIONS AND ENGAGE IN CONTINGENCY PLANNING. AT THE LEVELS OF DEPUTY MINISTERS, ADMs, AMBASSADORS AND SENIOR MISSION MANAGEM ENT, BELIEVE ME, ALL OF THESE FAC TORS ARE DAILY CONCERNS. WHAT I AM ASKING THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY TO DO IS TO PROVIDE ITS OWN INSIGHTS ON HOW THIS C ASCADE OF TASKS IS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED, TO GIVE US INSIGHTS GROUNDED IN CANADIAN REALITIES AND REFLEC TIVE OF CANADIAN RESOURCES AND C APAB ILITIES. NOW, LET ME GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT I MEAN IN THE CONTEXT OF CANADA ’S RELATIONS WITH JAPAN. JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 15 - WE HAVE HAD FORMAL DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH JAPAN SINCE 1929, BUT THE STR UC TURE AND SUBSTANCE OF TODAY ’S RELATIONSHIP ARE VERY MUCH DEFINED BY THE ARCHITECTUR E OF BILATERAL AGR EEMENTS ESTABLISHED AFTER WW II, AND OUR RESPECTIVE DEFINITIONS OF NATIONAL INTER ESTS IN THE LAST DECADES. PER HAPS TO A GREATER DEGREE THAN YOU WOULD THINK, OUR RELATIONS WITH JAPAN DEAL WITH ISSUES OF GRAND POLICY AS WELL AS THE MANAGEMENT OF BILATERAL INTER ESTS, ALTHOUGH WHEN YOU LOOK AT WHAT AN EMBASSY DOES ON A DAY TO DAY BASIS, THE REALITY IS THAT THE B ILATERAL TR UMPS THE GEOPOLITICAL BY 10 TO 1. LET’S JUST LOOK AT THE LAST FIVE YEARS, DUR ING THE ADMINISTR ATION OF PR IME M INISTER KOIZUMI. ENSURING THE SECUR ITY OF CANADA AND CANADIANS IS, INCONTESTAB LY, THE FIRST TASK OF OUR GOVERNMENT. SINCE CANADA AND JAPAN ARE NOT LIKELY TO BE IN JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 16 - MILITARY CONFLIC T WITH EACH OTHER UNDER ANY CONCEIVABLE SCENARIO, BUT ALSO BEC AUSE WE SHARE AB IDING INTERESTS IN GLOBAL PEAC E AND SECUR ITY ISSUES, AND WE BOTH HAVE VERY CLOSE AND FUNDAMENTAL SEC URITY TIES WITH THE UNITED STATES, CANADA-JAPAN COLLABORATION ON MATTERS OF SECURITY IS OUTWARD LOOKING. SINCE THE 1950s, CANADA HAS CHOSEN TO CONTRIBUTE ITS INTELLECTUAL ENERGY AND ITS RESOURCES IN THE EVOLVING TASKS OF KEEPING, M AINTAINING AND ENFORC ING PEACE IN DESTABILIZED PARTS OF THE WORLD AND, INCREASINGLY, SO HAS JAPAN. BOTH CANADA AND JAPAN AR E ALSO COMMITTED TO RESISTING OBSCURANTIST AND VIOLENT IDEOLOGIES WHOSE OBJEC TIVES ARE DANGEROUSLY AND DIAMETRIC ALLY OPPOSED TO PLUR ALISM, DEMOCRACY, INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM, RULE OF LAW AND RESPECT FOR DIVERSITY. JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 17 - ACCORDINGLY, CANADA AND JAPAN HAVE FOUND WAYS TO WORK TOGETHER TO ADDRESS COMMON, GLOBAL SECURITY OBJEC TIVES. THIS COLLABORATION IS PAR TLY THE EXCHANGE OF IDEAS AND PAR TLY IN THE FORM OF DEFENCE COOPERATION. FLOWING FROM A DIALOGUE FIRST ESTABLISHED IN THE M ID90S, C ANADA-JAPAN PEACE AND SECURITY RELATIONS HAVE CONTINUED TO EXPAND UNDER THE WATC H OF PR IME MINISTER KOIZUMI. THIS HAS LED TO CLOSER COLLABORATION AT THE POLICY LEVEL IN AREAS SUC H AS TR ANS -NATIONAL OR GANIZED CRIME, PEACEBUILDING AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS. THOSE EXCHANGES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED ON SPECIFIC TOPICS SUC H AS THE 2003 JOINT WORKSHOP IN TOKYO ON ANTI MONEY-LAUNDERING BEST PR ACTICES, WITH A VIEW TO BUILDING CAPACITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA. THREE YEARS LATER, CANADA AND JAPAN ONCE AGAIN PROVIDED TR AINING TO A SIM ILAR AUDIENCE B UT THIS TIME, THE FOC US WAS ON HOW TO PREPARE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL TERROR ISM. IN TERM S OF MILITARY MATTER S, OUR ON-GOING COLLABORATION IN THE INDIAN OCEAN IS OF THE GREATEST IMPORTANCE. SINCE MID -2003, JAPANESE MARITIME SDF VESSELS DEPLOYED TO OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF) HAVE PROVIDED CANADIAN WARSHIPS JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 18 - WITH FREE FUEL ON MORE THAN 40 OCCASIONS. THE TOTAL OF THIS MATERIAL ASSISTANCE IS ABOUT C A.$4M. SINCE THE WITHDRAWAL OF CANADIAN TROOPS FROM THE GOLAN HEIGHTS DUR ING THE SUMMER OF 2006, WHERE CANADIAN AND JAPANESE TROOPS SERVED SIDE -BY-SIDE FOR ALMOST A DECADE, OEF HAS BECOME OUR MOST IMPOR TANT JOINT MILITARY OPER ATION AND ONE THAT HAS B EEN CRUCIAL TO STR ENGTHEN GROWING TIES B ETWEEN OUR RESPECTIVE FORCES. I VIEW THESE FORMS OF COOPERATION PRIMARILY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOB AL POLITIC S. THIS IS THE JOINT JAPAN/CANADA PART OF A MUCH B IGGER PIC TURE. THE DAY TO DAY RELATIONSHIP HOWEVER IS DEFINED OVERWHELMINGLY IN TERMS OF PROMOTING RESPEC TIVE BILATER AL INTERESTS. THIS IS PROBABLY VIEWED BY MOST OF YOU AS THE LESS EXCITING DOMAIN OF FOREIGN RELATIONS, BUT TO A LARGE DEGR EE, THIS IS WHERE THE POLICY RUBBER HITS THE RELATIONS ROAD, AND IT IS WHAT OCCUPIES DIPLOMATS AND EMBASSIES MOST OF THE TIME. SO WHEN WE CANADIAN DIPLOM ATS REFLECT ON PRIME MINISTER KOIZUMI, FROM A C ANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY POINT OF VIEW, WE HAVE TO LOOK AT WHAT WAS ACCOMPLISHED JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 19 - DURING HIS YEARS IN OFFICE, NOT PR IMAR ILY FROM THE PERSPEC TIVE OF JAPANESE DOMESTIC POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY, BUT FROM THE SEEMINGLY MUNDANE BUT MUCH MORE IMMEDIATELY BENEFICIAL PERSPEC TIVE OF “WHAT DID HE DO FOR US”. AND THE REPOR T CARD IS VERY POSITIVE. ALTHOUGH THE AC HIEVEM ENTS CANNOT ALL B E CREDITED DIREC TLY TO KOIZUM I, MANY HAVE B ENEFITED FROM HIS INFLUENCE AND FROM THE TR ANSFORMATION THAT JAPAN HAS UNDERGONE UNDER HIS WATC H. THROUGH COOPERATION WITH THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT, WE HAVE ACHIEVED A NEW LEVEL OF ENGAGEMENT THROUGH THE PM -SIGNED ECONOM IC FR AMEWORK AND ITS UNDERLYING AGREEMENTS, AS WELL AS LAUNCHED A JOINT STUDY PROCESS TO ENSURE THAT CANADA CONTINUES TO REMAIN ON THE CROWDED JAPANESE ECONOMIC AGENDA. JAPANESE INVESTMENT IN CANADA REM AINS SIGNIFICANT, ESPEC IALLY IN KEY SEC TORS SUCH AS AUTOMOTIVE AND HIGH-TECH. THE CONCLUSION OF A SOC IAL SECUR ITY AGREEM ENT WITH JAPAN HAS CONTR IBUTED TO PROTEC TING CANADA'S POSITION AS A COMPETITIVE DESTINATION FOR SUC H INVESTMENTS. JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 20 - WE HAVE ESTAB LISHED THE B ASIS FOR A RENEWAL OF OUR SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH COOPERATION THROUGH CLOSER S&T LINKS WITH JAPANESE INSTITUTIONS, NOW MORE OPEN THAN EVER TO INTERNATIONALISATION AND COMMERCIALISATION. THROUGH INTENSE GOVERNMENT-TO-GOVERNM ENT COOPERATION, WE SUCCESSFULLY ENDED THE COMPLETE CLOSURE OF THE JAPANESE M ARKET TO CANADIAN B EEF. WE HAVE AND WILL CONTINUE TO PROTECT AND PROMOTE OTHER SIGNIFIC ANT CANADIAN BUSINESS INTERESTS THROUGH NEGOTIATIONS OR REGULATORY DIALOGUE IN KEY SEC TORS SUC H AS FOOD SAFETY, WOOD PRODUCTS AND TELECOMM UNIC ATIONS. WE RAISED JAPANESE EXPOSURE TO CANADA THROUGH KEY PUB LIC DIPLOMACY OPPOR TUNITIES, SUCH AS THE 2005 AIC HI WORLD EXPOSITION AND THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS, OPENING FURTHER VENUES FOR CANADIAN CULTUR AL PRODUCTS AND DEEPER ACADEM IC EXCHANGES. WE STRENGTHENED OUR COOPERATION ON PEACE AND SEC URITY ISSUES OF CRUC IAL IMPORTANCE, WHETHER IT IS ON HUMAN SECURITY OR THE FIGHT AGAINST TERROR ISM. JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 21 - JAPAN SIGNED THE TR ANSFER OF OFFENDERS TR EATY AND REVISED THE PR ISON LAW, AS ADVOC ATED BY CANADA AND LIKE-MINDED COUNTRIES. THESE STEPS FACILITATED THE TREATMENT OF SOME CANADIAN CONSULAR CASES IN JAPAN. THROUGH A C USTOMS COOPERATION AGREEMENT, WE CONTINUE TO IMPROVE SECURE CROSS-BORDER FLOW OF GOODS AND PEOPLE. WE ENGAGED AND CONTINUE TO BENEFIT FROM COOPERATION WITH THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT ON A VAST ARRAY OF OTHER ISSUES OF CONCERN TO CANADIANS SUC H AS ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY. THERE ARE SOME THINGS THAT WE DID NOT SUCCEED IN GAINING FROM THE KOIZUMI GOVERNMENT, MOST PROMINENTLY, A COMMITMENT TO ENGAGE IN DISCUSSION ON A FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, A PRIORITY FOR CANADA. THIS WILL NOW BE OUR CHALLENGE WITH THE NEW GOVERNMENT OF MR. ABE SHINZO. IN THE INITIAL STAGES, WE WILL HAVE TO FIND WAYS OF PUTTING CANADA ON HIS AND ON HIS CABINET’S AGENDA. THIS WON’T BE EASY, BECAUSE IT WOULD APPEAR THAT, ON THE DOM ESTIC FRONT, AND DESPITE THIS WEEK’S PREOCCUPATION WITH THE DPRK, HE WILL TURN HIS FOCUS TO ON HOME BASED ISSUES SUCH AS ADJUSTING THE SOC IAL JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 22 - SEC URITY AND HEALTH INSUR ANCE SYSTEMS TO M EET THE CHALLENGES OF AN AGING POPULATION, THE REFORM OF THE EDUCATION SEC TOR, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT, TAX REFORM AND REINVIGOR ATING LOC AL ECONOMIES. INTERNATIONALLY, THE KEY ISSUES OF COURSE ARE HIS GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE TO DPR K NUCLEAR TESTING, RELATIONS WITH CHINA AND THE ROK, AND OF COURSE RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES. (WE CAN DISCUSS THESE FUR THER IN THE Q& A SESSION.) HE HAS ALSO CALLED FOR CLOSER TR ADING RELATIONS WITH NORTH AND SOUTH EAST ASIA. AND HE HAS TO WIN, OR AT LEAST NOT LOOSE, THE UPPER HOUSE ELECTION NEXT YEAR. CANADA HAS A GOOD STORY TO TELL IN JAPAN, SO GIVEN TIM E, I AM CONFIDENT THAT WE CAN DRAW THE ATTENTION OF THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT, AND INCREASE THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF THE B ENEFITS TO BOTH OF OUR COUNTR IES OF A BROADLY -BASED STRATEGIC PAR TNERSHIP. THE C ASE WILL BE MADE BY STATING THE OBVIOUS: BOTH OF OUR GOVERNM ENTS BASE IMPORTANT ELEM ENTS OF THEIR RESPEC TIVE FOREIGN POLIC IES ON THE VALUES AGENDA OF HUM AN R IGHTS, INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS, JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 23 - DEMOCRACY AND RULE OF LAW, AND THE PR IMARY ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN THE RESOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES. FOREIGN M INISTER MACKAY MADE THAT POINT WHEN HE SPOKE TO FOREIGN MINISTER ASO EAR LIER THIS WEEK. CANADA ’S ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IS AMONG THE BEST IN THE WORLD, A SITUATION THAT WAS ESTABLISHED, IN PAR T, ON SOUND FISCAL MANAGEMENT. THE JAPANESE ARE VERY INTER ESTED AND C AN LEARN FROM THE CANADIAN EXPER IENCE, ESPEC IALLY WITH REGARD TO FISC AL REFORM AND CONSOLIDATION . NAFTA AND THE PACIFIC TRANSPORTATION GATEWAY, AS IT COMES FULLY TO FRUITION, ARE HUGE COMPETITIVE ASSETS THAT BENEFIT C ANADA AND JAPANESE ENTERPRISES. THE BETTER WE CAN MAKE OUR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, THE MORE THE ECONOM IES OF SCALE WHICH WE SOUGHT AND OBTAINED THROUGH NAFTA WILL IMPACT ON OUR BILATERAL ECONOM IC RELATIONSHIP. AS PR IME M INISTER HARPER POINTED OUT TO A GATHER ING OF THE NEW YORK ECONOM IC CLUB A FEW WEEKS AGO, CANADA IS: - 1ST IN URANIUM PRODUCTION IN THE WOR LD - 2ND IN HYDRO -ELECTRIC GENER ATION JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 24 - - 3RD IN GLOBAL GAS PRODUCTION TH IN GLOBAL ENER GY PRODUCTION TH IN GLOBAL OIL PRODUCTION -5 -7 - LARGEST EXPORTER OF ENERGY TO THE US, AS LARGEST OIL, NATURAL GAS, ELECTRICITY AND URANIUM SUPPLIER IN A NEW WORLD WHERE COMPETITION FOR ENERGY WILL ONLY INCREASE, WE ARE, LET’S FACE IT, BOTH THE RICHEST AND THE MOST RELIABLE PAR TNER FOR FOREIGN INVESTM ENT IN THE ENERGY SEC TOR ON THE PLANET, AND WE SIT NEXT TO THE B IGGEST MARKET IN THE WOR LD. THESE FACTS ALONE ATTRAC T ATTENTION IN JAPAN, WHEN THEY LOOK AT ENERGY IN GEOPOLITICAL TERMS. SO, AS I SAID, WE HAVE A GOOD STORY TO TELL, I BELIEVE THAT OUR RELATIONS WITH THE NEW GOVERNMENT OF MR. ABE CAN BE AS PRODUC TIVE, IF NOT MORE SO, THAN THAT WITH MR. KOIZUMI. YES, THIS M AY NOT SOUND TERR IB LY EXCITING, CERTAINLY NOT AS CHALLENGING AND DANGEROUS AS FIGHTING THE TALIB AN IN AFGHANISTAN OR PARRYING THE CUT AND THRUST OF NEGOTIATIONS AT THE UN OR THE WTO - ALL OF WHICH ARE IM PORTANT OBJECTIVES OF CANADIAN DIPLOMACY - BUT ANOTHER PART, INDEED THE MOST COMMON PAR T, OF DAY-TO -DAY DIPLOM ACY. JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 25 - HAVING SAID THAT, I AM SURE THAT YOU REMAIN EXTR EM ELY INTER ESTED IN FUR THER DISC USSING MR. KOIZUMI’S LEGACY, AND THE POLITICS OF THE NEW ADMINISTR ATION, AND FOR THAT DISCUSSION, I AWAIT YOUR QUESTIONS. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. JOSEPH C ARON OCTOBER 17, 2006 JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 26 - JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 27 - JACS PRESENTATION 141006 ______________________________________ - 28 -