Cultural Intelligence: Succeeding in Today‘s Pluralistic Context Karima Ramji Manager, International Programs, University of Victoria Co-operative Education Program and Career Services Renée Livernoche University of Victoria LE,NONET Experiential Learning Coordinator Indigenous Academic and Community Engagement Co-operative Education Program and Career Services Heather Tobe Faculty, Communications Department Douglas College March 15, 2019 Session outline • Introductions • Understanding importance of culture • UVic CQ Research • What does it mean to be effective in an intercultural setting? • Cultural intelligence (CQ) framework • Putting it into practice Why Culture? How does an institution negotiate cultural differences? Interculturalization • Internationalization • Domestic diversity and inclusion • Indigenization Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Calls to Action • 94 calls to action for all Canadians to undertake and support in order to address and redress the effects of colonization of Canada’s Indigenous people • Five categories: justice, child welfare, health, education, language and culture Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Calls to Action Education Calls to Action: 7 Close the education and employment gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students 10 (iii) Culturally appropriate curriculum 63 (iii) Building student capacity for intercultural understanding, empathy and mutual respect 92 (ii) Ensure Aboriginal peoples have equitable access to jobs, training and education opportunities 92 (iii) Ensure management and staff are trained on the history of aboriginal peoples, requiring training in intercultural competency, conflict resolution, human rights and anti-racism The Student Context • Globalization has resulted in the need for nearly every organization, no matter where and no matter what, to be able to interact with different cultures: – Externally: suppliers, customers, competitors – Internally: diversified workforce, diverse campuses • Our students and graduates need to be able to function in these diverse campuses and workplaces • Our graduates will need to be able to act local and think global to be successful • Our communities can benefit from the cultural competence our students have developed Why CQ at UVic? • CANEU-COOP program • Research on CQ development of students • WatCACE funding to continue research and curriculum development Intercultural Competency Development Curriculum https://www.uvic.ca/coopandcareer/career/build-skills/intercultural/index.php What is Culture? www.menti.com Code: 63 28 69 Cultural Values Encountering a culturally challenging situation Cultural Intelligence Cultural intelligence is the capability to function effectively across various cultural contexts (national, ethnic, organizational, generational, etc.). Ang & Van Dyne, 2008) Defining points of CQ [CQ vs. Other Intercultural Approaches] • • • • • • A form of intelligence Holistic Model—4 Capabilities Academic Validity Applies to any cultural context Performance-Based Malleable © 2012 Cultural Intelligence Center Cultural Intelligence (CQ) 4 CQ Capabilities What’s my motivation? How should I adapt? ✓ Speech Acts ✓ Verbal ✓ Nonverbal What’s my plan? ✓ Planning ✓ Awareness ✓ Checking 4. CQ 1. CQ ACTION DRIVE 3. CQ STRATEGY 2. CQ KNOWLEDGE ✓ Intrinsic ✓ Extrinsic ✓ Self-Efficacy What cultural understanding do I need? ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Business History (Indigenous) Values & Norms Sociolinguistic Leadership © 2010 Cultural Intelligence Center, www.culturalq.com The four dimensions of Cultural Intelligence CQ - Drive A person's interest and confidence in functioning effectively in culturally diverse settings. • Intrinsic Interest - deriving enjoyment from culturally diverse experiences • Extrinsic Interest - gaining benefits from culturally diverse experiences • Self-efficacy - having the confidence to be effective in culturally diverse situations CQ - Knowledge A person's knowledge about how cultures are similar and how cultures are different. • Business - knowledge about economic and legal systems • Interpersonal - knowledge about values, social interaction norms, and religious beliefs • Socio-linguistics - knowledge about rules of languages and rules for expressing non-verbal behaviors CQ Strategy How a person makes sense of culturally diverse experiences. Occurs when people make judgments about their own thought processes and those of others • Planning - strategizing before a culturally diverse encounter • Awareness - knowing about one's existing cultural knowledge • Checking - checking assumptions and adjusting mental maps when actual experiences differ from expectations CQ Action A person's capability to adapt verbal and nonverbal behavior to make it appropriate to diverse cultures. This involves having a flexible repertoire of behaviors to suit a variety of situations • Speech Acts - modifying manner and content of communications (e.g., direct, indirect) • Verbal - modifying verbal behaviors (e.g., accent, tone) • Non-Verbal - modifying non-verbal behaviors (e.g., gestures, facial expressions) Cultural Intelligence (CQ) 4 CQ Capabilities What’s my motivation? How should I adapt? ✓ Speech Acts ✓ Verbal ✓ Nonverbal What’s my plan? ✓ Planning ✓ Awareness ✓ Checking 4. CQ 1. CQ ACTION DRIVE 3. CQ STRATEGY 2. CQ KNOWLEDGE ✓ Intrinsic ✓ Extrinsic ✓ Self-Efficacy What cultural understanding do I need? ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Business History (Indigenous) Values & Norms Sociolinguistic Leadership © 2010 Cultural Intelligence Center, www.culturalq.com Cultural Intelligence Video: “CQ Wheel” (by The Living Institute) Cultural Intelligence (CQ) 4 CQ Capabilities What’s my motivation? How should I adapt? ✓ Speech Acts ✓ Verbal ✓ Nonverbal What’s my plan? ✓ Planning ✓ Awareness ✓ Checking 4. CQ 1. CQ ACTION DRIVE 3. CQ STRATEGY 2. CQ KNOWLEDGE ✓ Intrinsic ✓ Extrinsic ✓ Self-Efficacy What cultural understanding do I need? ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Business History (Indigenous) Values & Norms Sociolinguistic Leadership © 2010 Cultural Intelligence Center, www.culturalq.com 100% food security belonging shelter emotions Caution against stereotyping! East Meets West – by Yang Liu http://www.brainpickings.org/index.php/2009/10/29/east-vs-west-yang-liu-infographics/ Where do you place on the values continuum? Individualism……..……………………Collectivism Low Power Distance………………….High PD Low Uncertainty Avoidance…………..High UA Indirect Communication……………… Direct Communication Cultural Values: Individualism Collectivism Power distance Communication Direct-Indirect Cultural Values Cultural Intelligence (CQ) 4 CQ Capabilities What’s my motivation? How should I adapt? ✓ Speech Acts ✓ Verbal ✓ Nonverbal What’s my plan? ✓ Planning ✓ Awareness ✓ Checking 4. CQ 1. CQ ACTION DRIVE 3. CQ STRATEGY 2. CQ KNOWLEDGE ✓ Intrinsic ✓ Extrinsic ✓ Self-Efficacy What cultural understanding do I need? ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Business History (Indigenous) Values & Norms Sociolinguistic Leadership © 2010 Cultural Intelligence Center, www.culturalq.com How could a CQ based approach influence your story? Unpack your story with respect to the 4 CQ dimensions: CQ-DRIVE CQ-KNOWLEDGE CQ-STRATEGY CQ-ACTION Putting CQ into motion CQ-Drive: What is my motivation for attaining success in this situation? What is the cost of not succeeding? CQ-Knowledge: Is there a cultural explanation for what’s going on in your story? What cultural differences explain what’s going on? Which cultural values are most relevant? What do you need to learn about the cultures involved in this situation? Putting CQ into motion CQ-Drive: What is my motivation for attaining success in this situation? What is the cost of not succeeding? CQ-Knowledge: Is there a cultural explanation for what’s going on in your story? What cultural differences explain what’s going on? Which cultural values are most relevant? What do you need to learn about the cultures involved in this situation? Putting CQ into motion CQ-Strategy: Given what you know about CQ Drive, Knowledge and Strategy, what next steps will help resolve your challenge? What is my plan? Is my plan working? What is different from what I anticipated? Was the plan appropriate? CQ-Action: How can I adapt effectively to address this challenge? Think about how you may need to adapt your speech acts, verbal and non-verbal behaviours Putting CQ into motion How does CQ apply in an • Intercultural Context? • Indigenous Context? • Institutional Context? How can you use it in your own context? CQ development is a life-long process Going from Low to High CQ 1.0 React to external stimuli 2.0 Recognize other cultural norms; motivated to learn more 3.0 Accommodate other cultural norms in your thinking 4.0 Adjust to other cultural norms in your behavior 5.0 Automatically adjusting thinking and behavior when getting appropriate cues © 2012 Cultural Intelligence Center Conclusion Has this session motivated you to: • understand the various dimensions of culture • explore these dimensions in relation to yourself and others • understand and acknowledge your own culture and its role in forming your behavior, perceptions and assumptions • critically examine your own assumptions about other cultures • learn about cultural intelligence • develop and use your cultural intelligence to so that you can be more effective, respective and successful in your intercultural encounters? References Ang, S., & Van Dyne, L. (2008). Conceptualization of Cultural Intelligence: Definition, Distinctiveness, and Nomological Network. In S. Ang & L. V. Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: theory, measurement, and applications (pp. 3-15). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural Intelligence: Individual Interactions Across Cultures. Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press. Customs of the World: Using Cultural Intelligence To Adapt, Wherever You Are by David Livermore (The Great Courses 2013) Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Livermore, D., (2011) The Cultural Intelligence Difference: Master the One Skill You Can’t do Without in Today’s Global Economy (AMACOM 2011) McRae, N., Ramji, K., Lu, L., & Lesperance, M.(2016). Developing global-ready graduates: The CANEU-COOP experience. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 17 (4) (pp. 377-386). Hamilton: University of Waikato. McRae, N. & Ramji, K. (2017). Intercultural competency development curriculum: A strategy for internationalizing work-integrated learning for the 21st century global village In T. Bowen, & M. T. B. Drysdale (Eds.), Workintegrated Learning in the 21st Century: Global Perspectives on the Future, (129-143) (International Perspectives on Education and Society, V32), Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited. Resources Global Affairs Canada Country Insights: http://www.international.gc.ca/cilcai/country_insights-apercus_pays/countryinsights-apercuspays.aspx?lang=eng GoinGlobal: https://online.goinglobal.com Canadian government travel advisories: www.travel.gc.ca Questions? Thank you!